I think the storage cabinet is what makes this one so challenging. We have a similar bathroom set up, the shower is all the way at the end and runs the full width of the room, with the shower just next to it and then a narrow depth vanity between the toilet and the doorway wall.

If you’re open to moving plumbing, I would place the vanity was under the window, with the toilet across from it and the shower at the far end; but you’d have to stagger the toilet and vanity so they aren’t directly across from each other, and even then it might be kind of a windy pathway to the shower. I’d also consider skipping a vanity and going for a pedestal sink; if you need more storage, you could put shelves or a medicine cabinet up, but sink vanities are often bulky and take up a lot of leg/floor space.