With how I understand the picture:

To figure out how noise is affecting you, start with the noise level from real-world distance to your target and add the noise level from any other applicable situations, then subtract any noise reduction you are using.

1. 0 from noise due to distance between the device he used to access the matrix with and drone he is trying to hack + 1 from jamming the cyberdeck + 2 from being inside a spam zone = 3
2. 5 from noise due to distance between the device you used to access the matrix with and the red diamond + 3 from jamming your RCC + 4 from static noise + 2 from spam noise = 14 (if you had used a satellite link then you would have replaced noise due to distance and the wilderness static noise to a fixed value of 5 which would have reduced noise to 10 and a lot of tables rule that you just take the biggest spam or static noise and apply that, not that you add them on top of each other).
3. Yes. 14 noise.
4. Yes. Or rather, a cyberdeck can have an agent operating no matter if you are jumped in or not.
5. No, distance is measured from the antenna of the device you used to access the matrix with. The red diamond is not in the vicinity of your RCC so you take a matrix perception test to spot it (note that you also need to somehow already be 'aware' of the red diamonds existence before you can attempt to spot its specific icon).