Like most patterns and frameworks there isn’t one better than the other no more than a hammer is better than a wrench. It just depends on the job that needs to be done.

MVC keeps most of/if not all all business logic on the back end. It serves up each page seen from the server on every click. Things seems to be more server oriented.

MVVM is where you find your SPAs( Single Page Applications). As mentioned in another comment this is a pattern that can be used outside of web. In this case,for the web, it allows the front end to be loaded and control its own models. Then when it’s ready it sends the data off to the server. It can maintain its own state with Model and make its own changes in the view with ViewModel