1. Get a coat. Sorted for most things.
2. Business/smart casual wear: briefcase or holdall depending on what you're doing (work v travel). You can easily find soft leather options, new or used. Ebay is your friend.
3. Not a messenger bag. I think they look like shit and you may as well not bother - very effeminate, like you cannot carry your bag from the tube/wherever to your place of work. You've chosen this and you're judging backpacks? Jesus...honestly, this is the worst choice of all.
4. A business/smart rucksack. There are fucking loads out there, lots of new start ups are selling backpacks specifically to the millennial urban commuter that are sleek, modern, and presumably wickedly overpriced. But the market is big enough to find something.
5. Shoulder Purse? Unless you're at Berghain and dressed in bondage gear...when is this ever the 'best' option for males?

Here are some solutions to carrying stuff that don't include a briefcase:

1. Small (a couple of inches) neoprene pouch thing bought for about £1 on ebay from China, used for 'bits', and goes in coat breast pocket. Invariably these include: earphones, charging cable, chewing gum/mints, possibly keys, cash, lighter, pen etc. A good way of packing a load of loose things together than would otherwise take up space and jangle around.
2. If cycling anywhere, then just a good quality rucksack, and don't wear a suit. Or, if you need to wear siut/smart casual, take the clothes with you/leave at place of work and change in to them. I did this for a while at an old job - take your clothes in to work on a Monday for the week, or Friday, and cycle the rest of the week, but it can be a bit time consuming and some people weren't fond of me leaving clothes on site.
3. "Sigh" at a backpack? There's much more to life than worrying about what you look like. Once you get to a certain age, you prioritise and realise 'fuck it' and start living for yourself. This is a really effeminate mindset to treat life like a constant fashion parade, and if your job doesn't necessitate power-dressing and powerplays either internally or externally, it's literally of no benefit to choose style over something extremely more practical other than for your own mind. And that's a really feminine and insecure and secondary, reactive mindset to have, and inimical to both maturity, happiness, and frankly, being a man. I'm amazed you think backpacks work well for women yet not men. Honestly I'm not sure what world you're living in but I cannot fathom that this comes from anything other than instagram and a visually obsessed culture. I can guarantee that men with backpacks have a richer life than you are if you're looking down on them for a fucking backpack, christ...
4. Just get a modern briefcase and suck it up.