Vacation and sick days: It depends on the company. The standard US policy of 2 weeks of vacation is horrible, but it's not universal. I get 5 weeks of vacation a year, 14 federal holidays, unlimited sick days (which I can also use to take care of my kids if they are sick), and 3 months paternity leave when I have a child. For all of those I get 100% salary. It's not great, I know, but it's better than the default. Don't accept the default. If a company wants you then they'll give you want you want.
Education: It depends on your location. If you live in a good school district then you'll get a good education for the price of your property taxes. If you live in a state with a good state school (which I'm pretty includes every state in the nation) then you can go for a fraction of the cost of a normal tuition (when I was in school it was a quarter the cost of out-of-state tuition). For many universities if you work there then your children go for half price or even free. I got my CS degree at an in-state school where my mom worked and we would have been charged $2500/year tuition, but we weren't rich so the state gave my "grants" to go to school so I effectively went for free. Again, it's one of those things that's very different depending on where you end up.
Health: Most health plans through large corporations pay 100% past a certain amount, like $10,000. So, let's say hypothetically you have a major surgery that costs $100,000 and your health insurance pays 90%. You pay $10,000 and they pay $90,000. Then let's say that you have the same surgery again later that year. You pay $0 and your health insurance pays $100,000. If you are paid well enough to considering moving to the US then you can probably set aside $10,000 that would have gone in taxes each year into an account for catastrophic years like this.
Society: Like others have said the US is huge. Enough bad stuff happens every day to fill a 30 minute news slot full of disasters but most of us never experience any of it. Religion is important in rural Indiana, but not urban Oregon. The "fights" about gay rights are (IMHO) almost over. The older and less accepting people are rapidly dying off due to old age and are being replaced by a younger generation who doesn't care about a person's sexual preference. Black/white racism exists, but it's mostly subtle. If you are white you'll probably (incorrectly) think that it doesn't exist.
My suggestion is to come to a few (non-tourist) places in the US before making a decision. You'll see that it's just like any other country. There are horrible parts and great parts, assholes and super amazing people, things you'd be embarrassed of and things you'd be proud of.