But why does Nolan feel the need to explain it to us at all. Even though he does have a character who is an audience stand-in that (partially) merits expository dialogue, wouldn't it be better to just explain some reason for Cooper to know what the physicists know in some way, just to get it over with? Or even inserting it into his backstory, that he educated himself, at least a little bit, on this whole space travel thing, which wouldn't be a stretch considering part of his motivation is a desire to explore.
The dialogue is there because someone involved in the production, be it Nolan or somebody, was afraid that people wouldn't get it. Which I can't abide. Because this is a movie that contains (as opposed to 2001) fairly genuine and fleshed out characters, with actors who give their all to intense emotions that get communicated. But when you have these same characters spewing dialogue that neither develops plot, nor character, it undermines the drama that came before it. At least in 2001, the blandness of the dialogue was purposeful, because the story wasn't about particular characters, and Kubrick wasn't going for emotion.
And if you say that it's necessary to explain the science to the audience, I can't abide that either. Why do I need to understand the specifics of time dilation beyond a sentence? Nolan should have used the science to create realistic worlds and universes, and let the images he created speak for themselves. Wouldn't it be cool if, before flying down to Miller's planet, Dr. Red Shirt had just said "please, hurry, because one hour there equals seven years up here" or something like that? Then the team could have flown down, nice and focused, before everything went tits up with the "wave realization", and the choppy editing that you mentioned earlier would make sense, disorientation that would make the "23 years" reveal that much more emotional. I suppose that's more a product of the direction more than anything, but you get the idea.
TL;DR: Nolan undermines the goals and direction of the movie with the dialogue, and refuses to let the beautiful images speak for themselves.
I'm ready to discuss if you're still open.