From the 1860 United States Census
Number of slaveholders in 1860: 393,975
Number of white people in the U.S.: 26,922,537
393975/26922537 = 1.46%
Case closed?
Well, there were 26,922,537 white people in the United States, but that includes North and South, men, women, and children. Typically, the slaves in a family were all owned by the head of the household.
Again, looking at the 1860 census, we find that 26% of families in the South and border states owned slaves.
State | Total Population | Total No. of Slaves | No. of Families | Total Free Population | Total No. of Slaveholders | Percent of Families Owning Slaves |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alabama | 964,201 | 435,080 | 96,603 | 529,121 | 33,730 | 35% |
Arkansas | 435,450 | 111,115 | 57,244 | 324,335 | 11,481 | 20% |
Florida | 140,424 | 61,745 | 15,090 | 78,679 | 5,152 | 34% |
Delaware | 112,216 | 1,798 | 18,966 | 110,418 | 587 | 3% |
Georgia | 1,057,286 | 462,198 | 109,919 | 595,088 | 41,084 | 37% |
Kentucky | 1,155,684 | 225,483 | 166,321 | 930,201 | 38,645 | 23% |
Louisiana | 708,002 | 331,726 | 74,725 | 376,276 | 22,033 | 29% |
Maryland | 687,049 | 87,189 | 110,278 | 599,860 | 13,783 | 12% |
Mississippi | 791,305 | 436,631 | 63,015 | 354,674 | 30,943 | 49% |
Missouri | 1,182,012 | 114,931 | 192,073 | 1,067,081 | 24,320 | 13% |
North Carolina | 992,622 | 331,059 | 125,090 | 661,563 | 34,658 | 28% |
South Carolina | 703,708 | 402,406 | 58,642 | 301,302 | 26,701 | 46% |
Tennessee | 1,109,801 | 275,719 | 149,335 | 834,082 | 36,844 | 25% |
Texas | 604,215 | 182,566 | 76,781 | 421,649 | 21,878 | 28% |
Virginia | 1,596,318 | 490,865 | 201,523 | 1,105,453 | 52,128 | 26% |
TOTAL | 12,240,293 | 3,950,511 | 1,515,605 | 8,289,782 | 393,967 | 26% |