how do crimes against a marginalized minority group (gender, race, religion or whatever) effect a far bigger portion of the population than a crime against anyone else. Your statement makes no mathematical sense.

If 4.5% of our population identifies as lgbt...and a gay person is beaten...
If 12.7% of our population is African Amercian...and someone spray paints racially inflamatory words on the new black families home...
if 1.1% of our population worships Allah....and a mosque is vandalized

I will not argue that these arent wrong...clearly they are. I wont argue that targeting a person or group out of hate based biases isnt wrong....clearly it is. Im not even arguing against penalty enhancements like this.....

But I do disagree with the idea that this affects a far larger portion of the population.... These laws, much like affirmative action, seek to neutralize the natural advantages gained by the dominant culture and for society to attempt to shield and protect marginalized populations as their numbers and clout are insufficient for them to do so themselves.