I full agree that the QD should be more than just literally jumping to a relatitivistic velocity and then trvalling in a stright line. While you are still and actually travelling through an actual physical star system, which is properly amazing, the entire process looks and feels more like the old tricks to hide transitions and loading screen and at least right now the interaction with the environment is minimal (that will change a bit in the future of course when quantum interception becomes a thing). Some ideas that I have:
Just like you suggested QD should have tiered "quantum factors" with certain consequences tied to the final end velocity. On the highest quantum factor you obviously reach the highest end velocity, but you also burn more fuel, you have more tear and wear, you get less data from your sensors and you have less control of the ship (more about that below). That would make the quantum drive more strategic and add more gameplay and significance to an otherwise (currently) very bare bone mechanic and create more synergies between your ship systems and components (e.g. better sensors that can still receive data even at higher quantum factors).
Like I have implied above I would prefer it we could still manouver while in quantum mode. Not much. It should not be like E:D. You should not be able to fly "quantum circles" around Yela or even around a star system, but I strongly believe that you shoud have at least some control of your flight path, e.g. to avoid obstacles that your sensors have picked up in the distance or just to explore space at higher velocities (you'd have to make a decision between flying faster but probably missing curcial sensor data, or flying slower and get better sensor reads from the local environment). That would make the quantum drive feel less like a mere transition between two distant locations. Manouvering while in quantum drive could also require an excessive amount of fuel and skew sensore readings so that players have a motivation to plan their quantum manouvers properly.