Burning is definitely not the sum of my experience with pain. As listed, there are only three or four ailments (out of many) I associate with "burning" on a consistent basis. However, absolutely none of my physical issues are limited to one kind of pain alone. It would take a very long time to analyse each issue and the pains accompanying it, and it's not something I care to dwell on for an extended period of time.

No, I wouldn't quite describe it as the burn from a workout. It's searing and even ripping or tearing at times. There are elements of ache, stabbing and "heat" but it's still unique from any of those alone.
Maybe an internal, severe sunburn is closer as a general idea.

For my rib I keep seeing a pin cushion, full of outwardly-facing hot/warm pins, spinning on its axis in the same place scraping the area as it goes around. But again, my rib can also be a blunt ache and/or a sharp stab.. depending on what it's up to at any given time.

For my knees, burning is like a hot water balloon slowly filling up under my kneecap. There's a pressure build up to it. Other times it just aches or stabs deeply. The gastritis is a bit like a hunger pang on crack. Can come in waves and is very intense, like my stomach is losing protection from the acid it holds.. because it is!

My herniations, migraines, and smaller joints don't usually present with burning pain. When a cyst ruptures, or organs bound by abdominal adhesions are pulled in opposite directions, or when visceroptosis causes intermittent obstruction, I could almost describe them as burning due to the tearing/ripping sensations, but they're too centered and focused and sharp. There's something broader and more evenly distrubited about the burning pain I experience.