All powers in destiny are the embodiment of particle physics or quantum theory.

I'll start with the easy ones Arc, Solar and Stasis

Arc: its pretty obvious that guardians use arc by forming an Electromagnetic current inside their own bodies and then expelling that current either through a vessel or through bursts of electricity.

Solar: again very obvious that guardians are using the light to either super heat their surroundings or in rare cases(sunsingers) perform nuclear fusion.

Stasis: another simple concept. two words "absolute zero" basically stasis is the inverse of Solar light as solar energy excites surrounding particle Stasis can flash freeze practically anything living and in the case of the hunter and warlock are freezing the air to form physical objects they can channel the power through.

No for the tricky one.

Void: I've been lead to believe it is the embodiment of Dark energy at least in all supers except novalocks where I think warlocks big brains led them to start using the void light to start manipulating the Gravity around an object

If anything all this has shown me is that warlocks just seem to have 1, an easier time actually harnessing the light and 2, thanks to that ease of use are better versed in the intricacies of light manipulation; allowing them to do some pretty bat shit crazy feats of light control