Just to piggyback /u/Kabukikitsune, it's a good place to start by identifying what the Eye of Providence actual is and how it relates to the pyramid below it.

First, the "Eye" itself is a Christian symbol referring to the omnipotent/omniscient "all-seeing eye of God" or "God's eye". Secondly, "of Providence" refers to the concept of Divine Providence. Or simply, Providence, meaning God's divine intervention in our world.

As the article alludes to, the eye/pyramid symbol comes from the Great Seal of the United States. Most people don't know our seal has two sides. The reverse being the Eye/Pyramid and the obverse being the Eagle Coat of Arms. This explains the presence of these symbols on both sides of the "ONE" on the dollar bill.

When the first draft of the seal was created in 1776, it initially had the Christian Eye of Providence overlooking a shield which consisted of the initials from the original 13 states. Symbolizing God's Divine Intervention over the US. In 1782, the final draft by Charles Thomson replaced the shield with an uncapped pyramid with 13 steps again symbolizing the 13 states and the unfinished/imperfect experiment of our democracy.

The primary official explanation of the symbolism of the great seal was given by Charles Thomson upon presenting the final design for adoption by Congress in 1782. He wrote:

"The pyramid signifies Strength and Duration: The Eye over it & the Motto allude to the many signal interpositions of providence (divine intervention) in favour of the American cause. The date underneath is that of the Declaration of Independence and the words under it signify the beginning of the new American Era, which commences from that date."