Moses’s understanding of God is sort of a plural monotheistic God.
You have your standard verses where Moses clearly sees that the one God is talking about His image as if other beings share His image:
Genesis 1:26 Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth."
Genesis 3:22 Then the LORD God said, "Behold, the man has become like one of us in knowing good and evil. Now, lest he reach out his hand and take also of the tree of life and eat, and live forever--"
Genesis 11:5-8 5 And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of man had built. 6 And the LORD said, "Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language, and this is only the beginning of what they will do. And nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. 7 Come, let us go down and there confuse their language, so that they may not understand one another's speech." 8 So the LORD dispersed them from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city.
We are never told who God is talking to in any of those instances and the fact that Moses never tells us means it’s not important for us to know who God is talking to, only that we know God is talking to someone who shares in the image and activity of God.
It gets a bit more bizarre as you read on. If you read Exodus you’d see that the way God speaks about Himself switches from third person to first person.
Exodus 19:9-11 And the LORD said to Moses, "Behold, I am coming to you in a thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you, and may also believe you forever." When Moses told the words of the people to the LORD, the LORD said to Moses, "Go to the people and consecrate them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their garments and be ready for the third day. For on the third day the LORD will come down on Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people.
Exodus 19:21-23 And the LORD said to Moses, “Go down and warn the people, lest they break through to the LORD to look and many of them perish. Also let the priests who come near to the LORD consecrate themselves, lest the LORD break out against them.”
Exodus 19:24 And the LORD said to him, "Go down, and come up bringing Aaron with you. But do not let the priests and the people break through to come up to the LORD, lest he break out against them."
Moses clearly sees that it’s God talking but God easily switches between Me and I, to He and Him when speaking about Himself and that’s extremely bizarre. If you go to Exodus 20 and read the 10 covenantal commandments, you’ll see the same picture. God speaks of Himself as Me and I at first, but then switches over to 3rd person view as if He’s not speaking of Himself but someone else.
Exodus 20:5-6 You shall not bow down to them or serve them, for I the LORD your God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children to the third and the fourth generation of those who hate me, but showing steadfast love to thousands of those who love me and keep my commandments.
Exodus 20:7 You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain, for the LORD will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain.
Exodus 20:11 For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the LORD blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy.
In Exodus 24 we see it happen again:
Exodus 24:1-2 Then he said to Moses, "Come up to the LORD, you and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel, and worship from afar. Moses alone shall come near to the LORD, but the others shall not come near, and the people shall not come up with him."
Exodus 24:12 The LORD said to Moses, "Come up to me on the mountain and wait there, that I may give you the tablets of stone, with the law and the commandment, which I have written for their instruction."
Look how God goes from saying “Come up to the LORD” to “Come up to Me” Seeing this kind of repetition, it’s clearly intentional and not a mistake.
This kind of me, but not me talk indicates that Moses might’ve had some kind of clue as to how God existed. But not a full revelation as we never get an explanation for how these things are so.