Well, you need to think about what specific problems it's causing you. You never really said.
Is it people joking about it? Not getting enough interest from women? Feeling weaker or vulnerable to fights with other men?
Jokes are just something you have to get used to. University is a very social place, people will joke over any negative they can think of, and often women who actually find you attractive will joke about certain things like height, to see how mentally tough you are If you get pissed off when a hot girl jokes about your height it's an instant turn off because it makes you seem insecure and emotional. Best way to deal with jokes is just to agree with whatever someone says and laugh with them. Or make another joke about it, or say a similar slightly negative joke back to them. It's just something that takes practice, but generally you need to be able to joke about yourself and not take things seriously.
In terms of women, I kinda touched on it above on getting interest. But you have to think about what sort of thing you want from women. Is it a 1 night stand? If so, women don't give a shit too much what you look like. Most 2 night stands are just from you both being drunk at a bar or club, it mainly just helps to be very outgoing and social for that. For long term relationships, it should be much more about the person's personality, if they care about your height at all then it's not worth it long term. That shouldn't be an issue for them.
If you're worried about self defence, keep building muscle strength, learn any martial arts and focus on building your confidence. In the real world, as long as you're relatively sane, self defence situations are very rare. And the best solution to them is always to first de-escalate and convince the person you don't want to fight and just walk away, if they insist you can run away (worth being relatively fit), and then as a last resort you can defend yourself so worth knowing how, but it's very rare you'd need to.
As a practical thing, you can do posture exercises against the wall. I did this and "grew" 1 inch in height. It basically just straightens your spine but technically makes you taller. Good to have better posture anyway.
After University a lot of these things won't matter as much anyway, you have much more control who you interact with. If you don't like how someone jokes with you, just don't hang out with them.