First of all, this study is pretty useless because both samples are biased. People who aren't good at chess usually give up on chess, so the participation rates could be indicative of strength. Or perhaps men or women in particular are pushed more, or it's socially more acceptable for them to play more, so they stick with it even if they're not good. If you want an unbiased study, you have to force sets of people to play chess whether they want to or not. You have to force them care equally (somehow). It's very hard to have an unbiased sample.
Anyway, I think a lot of people find these studies tiring. It seems to me that the two main kinds of people interested in them are (1) people who are insecure and want to feel like they are a part of a superhuman tribe, or (2) people who believe themselves the victims of prejudice and given an assumption that both genders are genetically equal at chess, consider such a study to be proof of their marginalization.
To the first group, I would say that you need to find security in yourself and your personal talents.
To the second group, I would say that we all owe it to each other to make sure that everyone has an equal opportunity to enjoy and be successful at chess. I think it's very hard to measure natural aptitude and so it's very hard to know to what extent nurture plays a role in discrepancies. What we can do is ensure equal opportunity:
Hou Yifan started playing chess regularly at the age of six, but was already fascinated by the game when she was three years old. Hou's father, Hou Xuejian, a magistrate,[9] often took his young daughter to a bookstore after dinner. He noticed that the little girl liked to stare at glass chess pieces behind the window. He later bought his daughter her first chess set. The 3-year-old was able to beat her father and grandmother after a few weeks. In 1999, her father engaged a chess mentor, IM Tong Yuanming, for his 5-year-old daughter.[10] Tong later said that Hou was an unusual talent, showing "strong confidence, distinguished memory, calculating ability and fast reaction".