It's a map of basically China's territorial disputes with neighboring countries, not Asia wide since it doesn't note Pakistan-India's Kashmir border issue, or Japan/Korea's Islands issue.

The map mainly focuses on the South China Sea interlocking disputes between primarily China, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Malaysia and Brunei have some but don't press them too hard. The Philippines primarily bases its claims on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and its 200 km economic exclusion zone (EEZ). Vietnam does too, mostly except for that one claim on the paracels and spratleys, that claim is derived from the old French claim on the islands during colonial times in Vietnam that the Vietnamese government argues they inherited. China uses the 9 dash line which extends basically over the entire south china sea and has no basis in current international law but is based on a fairly dodgy claim inheritance from the ROC before that government got pushed out of mainland china and into Taiwan. The current PRC claims they inherited that claim, though its historical and international legal legitimacy is under fairly strong question, China is mainly enforcing that 9 dash line claim through realpolitik and power geopolitics rather than international law, trying to make the claim fait accompli through occupation. The Philippines due to political and military power disparities is trying to rely on international law and multi-lateral arbitration bodies.

The interesting swing point is Vietnam which has somewhat frenemy relations with China, has a more feisty military than the Philippines, but is also trying to enforce its claims against China through both the UNCLOS regime and through occupation. They've also redeveloped Cam Ranh Bay as a deep water port and have invited US Navy non-warships to dock there after drawing closer to the Philippines in military cooperation last year. The Phils of course is under the american pacific security umbrella. The outcome and objective of the Phil-Vietnam Rapprochement is currently unclear.