After WWI, the idea of 'Dolchstosslegende' existed, which roughly translates to 'stab in the back myth'. Basically, many Germans blamed the Jews and others perceived as 'non-Germans' for their loss in WWI and for the absolute crushing humiliation they suffered because of the Treaty of Versailles, and also claimed that they profited massively from the war while the rest of Germany was suffering. It was absolutely not founded in reality, but the Jewish people were already unpopular, and not just in Germany, so it was easy to place the blame on them. The thing that was really different when Hitler seized control was that being Jewish was no longer a religion, it was a race. If you had Jewish heritage but were a practicing Christian, it didn't really matter. You were still considered Jewish. It was really a way to target anyone that did not fit the ideal of being a "true German". It's why the disabled, LGBTQ people, and gypsies were also targeted. I wish I had a good source I could point you to for this information, but I can't think of one off the top of my head. I majored in German in college so we obviously learned a lot about WWII. I've never really posted in this sub before so if this isn't well-sourced enough let me know and I will remove it.

TL;DR The Germans perceived grievance against the Jews was they they were not "German" enough and needed to be pushed out of good German communities in order to 'Make Germany Great Again'.