Why are some commercials scaled down when broadcast?

Depends on how the content was provided, I'd guess. AFAIK, stations are loathe to mess with content that's been provided to them lest they make a mistake and forfeit any money they would make off it.

So my guess in this situation is that the commercial was provided to the station as a 16:9 spot delivered in a letterboxed SD 4:3 file. So what do they do? They run it as a 4:3 spot, no nevermind that the content is 16:9.

Now, you might think, "well, that's stupid. Why didn't they just crop it and run it as 16:9?" Number of reasons. Sometimes the content is actually 4:3 and contains information or some kind of graphic or something in the black space. If a station cropped out the phone number/website for an advertiser you can bet that the advertiser would demand restitution, and might reconsider working with this station in the future.

Also sometimes they're baked in up-stream. Local stations only get so many advertising spots during national and syndicated programming, and if the show is delivered with a commercial already like that in it, they have no right to edit it. Plus it would mean having to take the whole show into a system, making the changes, and then kicking it back out to be slipstreamed into the programming. That's a lot of effort for a 30 second spot, plus there's the risk that in the process it could degrade any information on-screen, like fine print. No way a station would want to risk that.

And beyond that, stations get a lot of commercials, so QCing and editing them all like this would add a lot of time and work to what is likely quite a busy workflow already. And since they station doesn't get any extra money for making these changes, and assumes a fair amount of risk in the process, it's just not worth it.

/r/editors Thread