I got into an argument with my lit professor about money should not be done away with since it is a "communicator of information".

That is one of the main doctrines of Neoliberalism (by "neoliberalism" I'm talking about the ideology that was born at the Mont Perelin Society think-tank at the hand of a slew of assholes like Hayek, Stiegler, Buchanan and Friedman).

This article is a good introdution to how neoliberalism works:

Neoliberalism: the idea that swallowed the world.

The best scholars of neoliberalism (people who study neoliberalism) that you should look up:

Philip Mirowski, William Davies, Illana Gershon, Martijn Konings and Bernard Harcourt.

Your professor appears to be swallowed some neoliberal bullshit.

The funny thing here is that they (neoliberals) don't even understand what the fuck they're talking about when they talk about "money" and even "market", because they deal in metaphors and fictions.

The existence of money, importantly, does not entail the existence of a market or a price system.

Markets are monstrosities that were created through violence and war, and in most if not all cases, states and markets are intimately linked:

David Graeber points out and I quote:

"This is a great trap of the twentieth century: on one side is the logic of the market, where we like to imagine we all start out as individuals who don't owe each other anything. On the other is the logic of the state, where we all begin with a debt we can never truly pay. We are constantly told that they are opposites, and that between them they contain the only real human possibilities. But it's a false dichotomy. States created markets. Markets require states. Neither could continue without the other, at least, in anything like the forms we would recognize today." (from Debt: The First 5,000 Years)

Money simply provides a recognized unit of value. That unit can be a price in the market, but it can also be the size of a gift or a measure of need. Equating money with coinage, as is commonly done, confuses form with function. It implies that money embodies value when it simply represents value. Money can take the form of something with use value (cattle, grain), something with social value (a special stone, shells), something with little or no value (paper, wood, base metal), or even something with no physical form (bank transfers, verbal promises).

The unit of value may be either tangible (sheep, beads) or intangible (pound, dollar, euro).