I mean that's how finishing works though. The person trying to get into your phone acts like a trusted source and once you click the link they have your data.

1) It's Phishing

2) They only get your data if you get an application installed that gives them access to your data, of which you'll be alerted to before instaling. Secondary to this, modern phone OS's will stop most of these apps from installing, unless you press on continuingly to give those apps permission

3) Phishing only works if you type your usernames/emails/passwords into their fake-looking apps.

You over-reacted, take this as a chance to reevaluate how much you know about cyber-security.