I count more than one exception:
The word "berijdbaar" has been succesfully used in court to argue that not using a cycle lane is acceptable when the cycling lane has too many holes, is too narrow, is too close to parked cars, ... because in that case, you can't actually ride the cycling lane while also following article 7.1 which says you can't endanger people (including yourself). So it's not "berijdbaar". It's up to a court to decide on this in every specific circumstance.
Also, if it's not correctly marked you don't have to use it. A surprising amount of cycling lanes aren't correctly marked, especially in small rural towns. And a lot of people seem to think that "fietssuggestiestroken", bus lanes or even some random concrete next to the road are cycling lanes. I'm not saying that you do, but in your post, you sure describe the same behaviour as those people who do.
The same exceptions as before apply for this type of cycling lane, plus the extra exception of "special circumstances" that allow you to not use a cycling lane marked for your direction if it's on your left. What those special circumstances are is again entirely up to a judge to decide. "I had to take the next right" seems to be mostly accepted.
Three more exceptions that are pretty clear, but a lot of people don't seem to know about them. I have been honked at while riding on the road to overtake other cyclists.