I know from personal experience that the United States, Canada, People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and India require passport checks from all transiting passengers who are bound for another country. In the case of Canada and Hong Kong, the passport check occurs by scanning a passport on a kiosk before going through security or straight to the gate.

Since most redditors, including myself, travel on passports from the first world countries/jurisdictions including U.S., E.U., Australia, etc. we don't need to worry about scanning our passports because in most cases the transit is approved without a visa. However, I've been through several Southeast Asian countries with a lot of traffic from passengers on passports that are not as powerful. Those passengers will often ask and be worried about such things.

In either case, I am responding to OP and based off the information that was presented, the relevant webpage from KLM says that in OP's case OP will go through a passport check.

I've also personally had relatives and friends of relatives deported for failing passport checks.