Sort of.

Usually a regular image uses a bitmap format. It's basically a big grid of tiny squares and each square is colored a single color. When you zoom out, your eyes can't distinguish between the tiny squares so you perceive a continuous picture. It's similar to pointillist artwork.

Vector graphics instead create images based on colored curves, points, and shapes. The picture is instead broken up into a series of different lines, points, shapes, etc. each with a given color. The shapes are each expressed mathematically so when you zoom in on the image, the scaling remains the same. When you're zoomed in, you see the tiny dots, but zoomed out you just see a smooth picture.

If you took a normal bitmap image and zoomed in, you could see the individual colored squares and it wouldn't look like the image at all. In contrast, zooming in on a vector graphic, wouldn't dramatically change the shape of the image; the lines and colors would still be arranged as if in the general picture.

Vectors can be infinitely scaled since they only hold the information of the shape, color, and thickness of the individual drawn vectors that comprise the image. Raster (bitmap) graphics, no matter their resolution, will eventually reach a point where the image quality degrades to distinguishable pixels of color.

However, vector graphics are usually much more complicated to create than raster graphics since they require formulating expressions corresponding to the vectors to describe the image whereas raster graphics only need colors to be matched to a grid.

Of course, the monitor resolution of the device you're using has an effect as well.

As u/JamesChan93 mentioned, the file that you're seeing is a PNG, which is a bitmap file format designed for lossless compression; the high resolution image you see is in PNG format so it won't take up too much space to store or transmit. The image was created using vector graphics, but for convenience it's simply being shown as a high-resolution bitmap.

TL;DR What QQMuninn said