There are some companies where they are just destined for failure because the leader is never given the full reigns to do absolutely anything. They always get held down by "that's now how we did it" or "what will our previous customers think?"
If you take Apple for example, before Steve came back they were shoveling shit computer after shit computer down consumers gullets. They had hundreds of models in a 5 year time span in the early to mid 90's. They licensed their operating system.
The quality was gone, they destroyed a premium brand with overabundance, confusion and they lost control of their golden goose (Mac OS) through licensing.
Then Steve Jobs comes back. He scraps everything, everything! - He fires lots of people, he scares people, employees were afraid to go in the same elevator as him incase he asked them what they did at the company and then fired them for it.
He cancelled the software licensing, stopped selling all their old computer models, killed all the auxiliary products (digital camera, printers, game consoles and pocket computers like the newton). He started them on a brand new operating system roadmap losing all compatibility with Mac OS. He opened stores when people said stores were dead, it was all going to be online they told him. He went against everything Apple did before he rejoined to turn the company around.
So lets bring it back to Satya, what has he changed? Did he scrap the XBOX? Did he scrap Windows? Did he scrap Office 365? Has he changed Azure Cloud? What have we heard of Bing since he took over? Nothing.
The only thing I can think of that he has done so far is bring Office to the iPad which was likely inevitable anyway and change the name of Windows 9 to Windows 10 so that for marketing reasons it sounds further away from the disaster that was Windows 8.
Satya hasn't changed Microsoft. He's altered their trajectory slightly but he hasn't changed the overall heading. He didn't kill Windows RT, it died in the market place. He didn't kill the bundling of the XBOX ONE with Kinect, the market dictated it. These things were going to happen regardless of who was helming the ship.
Microsoft isn't going to go bankrupt overnight of course, they aren't in such dire straights as Apple was in 1996. But I feel that they will instead slowly fade away into irrelevancey.
People are moving to Mobile devices. It's to consumers what Cars and PC's were. I'm sure many people remember back when the original cars came out there were hundreds of car companies literally hundreds. And slowly those whittled down until now there are but a handful per continent and many brands are all owned by the same parent companies.
The same thing has happened with computing. Intel, AMD and NVIDIA own the paramount parts to a desktop or laptop computer and Apple and Microsoft do the software.
Now look to Mobile. Whose present there? Not Intel, not AMD, not NVIDIA and not Microsoft. None of these companies have any substantial marketshare in mobile and it's where there are more users and more growth opportunities. While Desktop and Laptop sales decline and the profitability has all but gone due to a race to the bargain bottom Mobile is the next gold rush and Microsoft can't get it right, they have but a pinky finger in the door compared to Google and Apple.