To elaborate since I didn't have time before work.

1. This is a cool idea but entirely historical. I have seen better descriptions of the same thought. It seem plausible, but has no real relevance to Kvothe.
2. "fallen to treachery and destroyed by time." The city's were not treacherous, they were betrayed by the seven. The seven were not destroyed. Haliax changed his name but the others did not, that we know of. They were corrupted by Haliax. It is important that you understand that the seven are cursed by their Names but that does not mean they changed in any way. Lanre was changed to Haliax the others were corrupted by Haliax.
3. Obviously Kvothe's path has been corrupted by the Cthaeh. The two obvious ways are that he will kill Cinder and open the Doors of Stone.
4. Kvothe will never leave the lethani. He never really followed it to begin with.
5. Kvothe is trying to become Kote. Bast is trying to stop him. Kvothe is cursed in the same way as the seven, sort of. He has lost his power, if his true Name/persona changes his power will return. The curse is not making him Kote, it is making him powerless. In other words; if the seven stopped being evil there Names would change and they would be free of there curse; if Kvothe stopped being reckless his Name would change, his power would return. Bast does not know why Kvothe lost his power, or he doesn't understand the curse on Kvothe. Bast does understand that Kvothe is changing, he doesn't know that change is the point.