voter fraud, which there have only been 28 convicted cases of since 2000.

The thing with statistics like that is you don't know how many weren't caught. Its like how many people abuse welfare and unemployment? Well, we've caught less than 1%. That doesn't answer the question because we can only count what we catch. There is no way to quantify that because if we had a way to identify it. Further, simply because someone doesn't cheat doesn't mean we shouldn't take an objective look at it and see if it can be fixed.

That being said, I don't think voter fraud is widespread. We have lots of reporters and pollsters predicting the outcome of elections based on exit interviews and various types of polls.

Banning transgendered individuals from the bathrooms that match their gender identity

This seems to be a combination of three factors: first, people don't like different. They get weirded out by different. If they can't understand why someone wants to be another gender, they get scared. Second, its not about women going in mens rooms.... its about men going in womens rooms. Society has stereotyped men as aggressors and women need to be protected. Its about protecting men from women. Third, refer back to what I said in my first paragraph: simply because something isn't a problem now doesn't mean it won't be a problem if we aren't proactive about it. There are bad people on this planet. To be honest, I'd love to see single stall bathrooms as the norm for various reasons.

Drug testing welfare recipients to prevent wasted tax dollars

the link you provided neglects a few factors. First, you are taking someone's money... they are going to want to have a say on who can or can't use it. If they'd rather pay a little more to ensure certain people can't be on welfare, that's going to happen. Its how politics works: you don't want people drug testing you for welfare, don't ask them to pay for welfare. Simple. But, since we do ask them to pay, they want to influence who is eligible. It makes sense.

Further, policies can take decades to fully take hold. It might not be about catching people as much as it is about preventing people from using. You just need a few people to be like "yo, my uncle's girlfriend's sister got caught now she has isn't eligible for benefits" to prevent people from using.

People want solutions because they feel they are paying for government services so they want to make sure they aren't being cheated or abused. And, as someone that has seen a lot of misuse of government programs, I understand that simply because people aren't caught doesn't mean people don't abuse/cheat the system.