Thermal throttling can occur when the temperature of the CPU exceeds its maximum safe operating temperature. The crashes and blue screens you're experiencing may also be related to the overheating issue.
The stock cooler that comes with the Ryzen 5 5600X is adequate for normal usage, but it may not be sufficient for demanding tasks such as gaming or running CPU-intensive applications. You may need to upgrade to a better cooler to keep your CPU temperatures under control.
One option is to replace the stock cooler with an aftermarket air cooler or liquid cooler. There are many high-quality coolers available on the market, such as the Noctua NH-D15 or the Corsair H115i. Make sure to check the cooler's compatibility with your CPU socket before purchasing.
Another option is to adjust the fan curve in your BIOS to increase the speed of your case fans and improve airflow through the case. You could also consider repositioning some of the fans to ensure that they are directing airflow towards the CPU cooler.
In addition to these measures, make sure that your CPU is not overclocked beyond its recommended specifications. Overclocking can significantly increase the heat generated by the CPU and may cause stability issues if not done properly.
Overall, it's important to address the overheating issue to prevent damage to your CPU and ensure stable system operation.