With your first point I can say that bringing you home to meet his parents would effectively be a sign to his parents that he wants to marry you. Considering the age and how controlling his parents sound, they may make him break up with you because he's too young to get married (he's not settled, doesn't have a job, etc). His parents may view this as a college fling right now, and that's fine with them, but bringing you home would mean it's much more serious than that.That might be a big jump for your bf to make right now
On your second point if money's an issue he should so something about it. If his parents are like traditional Indian parents they should be taking care of him financially, and therefore he should have some money at least to spend on you. If they're not like that, he should get a job, not just for you, but also for his independence.
On the third point I think it goes back to it earlier where him travelling to see you may be a sign to his parents that it is a serious relationship (I.e marriage). If he has no money of his own and can't even get money together to take you out, there's no way he can afford to come without his parents paying and giving him approval to go
Just remember that casual dating in Indian culture is not very prominent. It's a tough balancing act for him to be in between two cultures. For his parents, you guys are either a fling or a serious couple. He will not introduce you to his parents unless he feels serious about it and certainly at that age it will be a very difficult thing.
I don't think you should try and force him to gain independence because it may drive a wedge between you and his parents. They will see a change in behavior and if there are any negative consequences (grades drop), you will blamed for it
While it sucks that he and his parents are still stuck a bit in the past, I don't think there is anything you can really do unless he takes an initiative and shows his desire to be with you. If I were in your position I would just explain how his behavior makes you feel and how it's effecting your relationship. Maybe that will motivate him to stand up to his parents. If not, and I feel sorry to say this, he may not feel strongly enough to do so, at least at this time
Not sure if I have great advice but I do feel I can explain his point of view. I have gone through his and have had very similar experiences