Thank you for sharing this. I am in my last day in Seoul visiting my grandparents as I type this and your grandfather's stories really resonates with those of my grandparents. Three of my grandparents actually escaped from the Pyongyang area right before and during the Korean War and had very similar backgrounds to your grandfather. They tell me how they were devout Presbyterian christians from generations back and how there was actually a very strong American missionary presence in Pyongyang long before the war. Interestingly enough to me, my grandfather told me his uncle in the 1930s attended Peabody College, which later became part of Vanderbilt University. His uncle became a US citizen and joined the US army, serving as an intermediary between the locals and the army. On the day he was about to fly to Seoul from Tokyo for logistical support, the Korean War broke out. My grandfather had learned English partly from his uncle's tutelage, which allowed him to serve as a translator for the US army. If it wasn't for that America. missionary presence in Pyongyang, my grandparents and their relatives' roles in the war, I wouldn't be here as of now to type this. On a slightly more positive note than your grandfather's story, my grandparents always told me tales when they were young about how the people of what is now North Korea had their own hopes, ambitions and dreams, how they were so lively and could freely express their emotions and beliefs a little bit similar to my life right now in America. Because of what they have gone through and also from their love and support I wouldn't be so happy and affectionate to live my life to the best and fullest. I will always have to constantly remind myself to never forget about what my grandparents and others like your grandfather had to go through for me to live and thrive right now in the present moment.