What textbook will explicitly give the rules of the theory of science?

under these explicit normal circumstances in my living room that everything I let go of will immediately drop... And then I find a single example where it fails, like a balloon full of helium... Should I reject my hypothesis?

Yes, you have falsified your hypothesis. When you say "everything" falls, the instant a thing doesn't fall, hypothesis falsified.

one of those scientist club things

No. One of the requirements of a proper hypothesis is that anyone can run your experiment independent of you and if, in fact, that thing doesn't fall they the "scientist club" will accept those findings if it somehow ran in opposition to past findings. That's one of the neat things about science. It works to disprove itself and will change if wrong.

if at all possible, can I get the names of the textbooks or any other materials that would support all those if's

No real sure what you're looking for here. Science is a method that all credible scientists work with so I would say look up "what is the scientific method" and start there.

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