Assuming you know how to read a supply and demand chart (big assumption)

Austrians use an extremely oversimplified supply/demand charts based on "assume all other factors remain equal." This breaks down in the real world, when the entire point is to change those other factors.

The problem with your analysis is that you assume that the extra money spent on a higher minimum wage disappears into a black void, never to be seen again. Instead, the money is given to employees to spend. This increase changes turnover, theft, productivity, and consumer demand. All of which have historically shifted the original supply/demand chart to balance out the cost.

Basically, your entire argument is the economic equivalent of "A 10 pound rock will fall ten times faster than a 1 pound rock because it has 10 times the potential energy." It makes perfect sense as long as you never bother to think too hard about it or test it for yourself.

you would know that when the government sets a floor or a ceiling for a price, dead-weight-loss results

Again, this is the same naturalistic fallacy that anti-vaxxers and Jehova's witnesses use to argue that anything that tries to defy "God's will" is automatically evil. Except replace "God's will" with "The invisible hand."

You're not making an argument based on facts and data. You've done zero empirical research to support your claims. Instead, you're making an argument based entirely on your fringe imaginary belief system.

the price is not allowed to be at equilibrium

Not all equilibriums are good for the economy, or even the individual players. Case in point: The Nash equilibrium, where acting in your own rational self-interest ends up being counter productive.

The field of Game theory has two main advantages over Austrian Economics: 1) It's backed by actual math, rather than appeal to imaginary sky hands, and 2) It's backed by real world empirical evidence showing that the world actually works the way they say it does. Which is why game theory is respected in academia, and Austrian economics is treated as a joke.

The reason price floors exist is to prevent market crashes and deflationary spirals, where individuals thinking in their own rational self-interest look for ways to make the problem worse. Economists use the word "spiral" because the problem is self-perpetuating and only gets worse over time.

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/deflationary-spiral.asp

Austrian economists have absolutely no defense against deflationary spirals, other than to close their eyes and pretend that history isn't real and that facts don't actually happen.