It's all a matter of physics and how the golfer controls the path of arms and club with the most critical part being the force vector in the takeaway (back vs. around body vs. upwards) and how the back arm is dropped to establish the downswing plane.

Taken in reverse the club is going to swing down automatically from wherever it is aligned when the back arm drops. The conventional wisdom is to be able to sight down the shaft and see the butt end and shaft pointing at the ball.

If that is considered the "nominal" swing plane baseline alignment if instead the golfer aligns the club pointing out past the ball the downswing plane will be flatter and if it points inside the ball - target line it will be steeper. That in turn affects the downward angle of attack and how the face opens and closes relative to the target line and ball

Conventional wisdom is that a flatter plane makes it easier to swing the face across the inside of ball to impart hook spin and hit a draw, with the more vertical path making it easier to swipe face across the outside for a fade.

Note that the swiping dynamic for the draw or fade is set-up by also closing or opening the stance and rotating the grip in hands relative to trying to hit a straight shot. But to really exaggerate the action on the ball changing the plane with how the back arm sets made the process easier and more consistent, assuming one learns to coordinate the different positions at the top consistently.

That's where the takeaway path is an actor. Ideally once the club extends the cocking up and forward is automatic — all momentum and leverage. The less the golfer needs to steer the more consistent it will be shot to shot and club to club. Common sense, no?

A golfer can control how far the club head swings around the body at the point just before it cocks two ways:

• angle of the back foot limiting hip rotation.

• timing of pulling in and folding back arm

• dorsi flexion / palmar- flexion (cupping / bowing) of the front wrist bearing the load, which steers the toe relative to the shaft and the constantly changing direction of the force vector pulling the arm back and around the body.

I've experimented with this by starting with my back arm and club posed where it needs to be before dropping, reconnecting and pointing the butt end at, beyond, or inside the ball. Then adjusting back foot angle and back arm action until I can consistently get it there automatically without and conscious steering.

Guys like Tiger, Bubba, Rory can do it intuitively because they have extraordinary hand eye coordination. Tiger can bounce ball on the club face all day behind his back. Setting his back arm dozen different was consistently? No problem.

Any way the body moves bio-mechanically there something defining and controlling the range of motion and when things can move in the swing.

Want a faster hip turn? Then make sure your kneecaps are pointing forwards at the target before trying to fire them.

Straighten the front leg or keep it bent? Again where the knee joint, which only hinges one way, is pointing relative to the direct you want it to move; why flaring the front foot and trigger the downswing by swinging the front knee forward help clear the front hip faster.

Having taught other subjects others — including portrait posing with the same bio-mechanics — for many years both in a classroom, personally and on-line the biggest problem with "Do this X ways..." is that the student usually only retain about 30% of the how to rules correctly and understand 0% about why it works because their brains are not wired to think intuitively.

That's why I go into such detail about the WHY cause and effect. For example once you understand why you knee joint is limiting how your legs move and that's why you can't move the hips attached to the legs it's easy with a bit of trial and error to get the legs to move anyway you need them to to hit any type of shot you can imagine.

What set Jack and Tiger and Moe Norman apart was how their brains were wired like that intuitively. It is also way the best instructors nowadays have studied bio-mechanics an how to build the most mechanically efficient swing around their limitations.

That's what Hogan did with his accident crippled body. His swing is full of compensations for his limited hip mobility, which is why a carbon copy clone of his style isn't the best approach for someone with a normal range of pain free motion. It wasn't that Hogan couldn't move but rather that it hurt to move. His threshold for pain was as remarkable as his swing.