Are there actually any conditions that give someone medical exemption from wearing a mask? If so, what are they?

I agree with that, but the ADA is a thing:

https://www.adasoutheast.org/ada/publications/legal/ada-and-face-mask-policies.php#t3

Thirty-four states currently have statewide mask mandates. These mandates vary by state but generally call for face masks to be worn inside public spaces, public transportation, and any situation that where six feet of social separation cannot occur. These mandates also include exemptions for children, people with disabilities or medical conditions, and situations where masks interfere with effective communication.[26] These state mandates do not override the consideration of reasonable modifications required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Many private businesses have also developed policies requiring the use of face masks. The ADA does not have any rules that address the required use of face masks by state and local governments or private business owners. The ADA does not have any rules that address the required use of face masks by state and local governments or private business owners.

If a person with a disability is not able to wear a face mask, state and local government agencies and private businesses must consider reasonable modifications to a face mask policy so that the person with the disability can participate in, or benefit from, the programs offered or goods and services that are provided. A reasonable modification means changing policies, practices, and procedures, if needed, to provide goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations to an individual with a disability.[10] It is important to focus on how to provide goods or services to a customer with a disability in an equal manner. This can be done by reasonably modifying your policies, practices, or procedures. The requirement to modify a policy, practice, or procedure does not include individuals without disabilities, as they are not protected under the ADA.

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