Free speech is being able to freely state your opinions on all topics without the risk of civil persecution. Keep in mind social persecution is still a problem in many countries even with free speech laws in place.

Hate speech is when you are targeting a certain small group/individual and your words go beyond the threshold of criticism and become targeted harassment.

Also keep in mind hate speech doesn't mean you aren't allowed to say/do something a certain religion/group dislikes. But if you are saying something intentionally hateful/hurtful, like calling homosexuals slurs or harassing them then it's hate speech.

Ultimately you can ask two questions.

Are the words hateful, beyond what is reasonable?

Are the words targeted to a small group, individuals?

Here are some examples:

Free speech:

I find homosexuality wrong on a moral level so i can't agree with your homosexuality.

hate speech:

You are a fa**** and you'll go to hell for your homosexuality.

Free speech:

Islam is a seriously outdated religion with too much indoctrination, without evolving it doesn't align or keep up with western values.

Hate speech:

Islam is the religion of barbarians, all muslims are the slop of mankind. They should all be rounded up and deported back to the shitholes they came from, where their religion belongs.

THESE ARE JUST EXAMPLES

and yes if you find what i said within free speech offensive thats exactly what free speech protects.

If you found what i wrote within hate speech hateful thats exactly what hate speech is and why it doesn't belong in society.