The research is fairly conclusive
Nothing borne out of an N-value of 10-1500for a total population of around 900,000,000 is "fairly conclusive." Also, studies based on asking parents to use their recollections to gauge their child's reactions over the phone, with no attempt to engage in a blind or double blind method of data collection, is just appalling. I can't get to all the studies because of a paywall, but the ones I can get to are almost farcical. I wouldn't decide which company to use for my damn trash pickup based on data like this, much less how to raise my kids.
Spanking is known to increase aggression in children.
In itself not a bad thing. How is aggression defined? By asking questions about parents' recollections of their level of patience over the phone?
CEO's and all-star athletes are highly aggressive. The outcome of aggression is not limited to being a terrorist or serial killer when you grow up.
Spanking is highly correlated with increase externalized motivation in children
For those who were taken in by the laundry list, here's what "externalized motivation" actually means:
behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise. This type of motivation arises from outside the individual, as opposed to intrinsic motivation, which originates inside of the individual.
This might be associated with negative adult outcomes, or it might not. In childhood, it's most problematic for people trying to succeed in a conventional classroom, where this kind of motivation dulls a desire to learn.
In adulthood however, it seems like it would have less of a down-side. Hard to see how working to make eight figures a year or working to win a Fields' Medal is a negative outcome.
Spanking is known to increases behaviors that lead to further discipline
Like what?
Spanking is a correlated risk factor for bullying
For the child engaging in bullying? How is this determined, and what degree of force and frequency was used in the child's spanking?
Spanking is a correlated risk factor for later abusive behavior
Same questions as above. Not seeing answers in the studies I was able to find.
Spanking is a correlated risk factor with adolescent anxiety problems
Again, how, and how was it quantified?