3. TIL Wrestler Chris Benoit had such severe traumatic damage to his brain that it ...

TIL Wrestler Chris Benoit had such severe traumatic damage to his brain that it resembled the brain of an 85 year old Alzheimers sufferer when he murdered his wife and child.

For each bout, the promoter shall provide a clean water bucket, a clean plastic water bottle, and any other supplies as directed by the Commission, in each corner. 6. Specifications for Handwrapping Return to Top In all weight classes, the bandages on each contestant's hand shall be restricted to soft gauze cloth of not more than 15 yards in length and two inches in width, held in place by not more than 10 feet of surgeon's tape, one inch in width, for each hand. Surgeon's adhesive tape shall be placed directly on each hand for protection near the wrist. The tape may cross the back of the hand twice and extend to cover and protect the knuckles when the hand is clenched to make a fist. The bandages shall be evenly distributed across the hand. Bandages and tape shall be placed on the contestant's hands in the dressing room in the presence of the Commission and in the presence of the manager or chief second of his or her opponent. Under no circumstances are gloves to be placed on the hands of a contestant until the approval of the Commission is received. 7. Mouthpieces Return to Top All contestants are required to wear a mouthpiece during competition. The mouthpiece shall be subject to examination and approval by the attending physician. The round cannot begin without the mouthpiece in place. If the mouthpiece is involuntarily dislodged during competition, the referee shall call time, clean the mouthpiece, and reinsert the mouthpiece at the first opportune moment without interfering with the immediate action. 8. Protective Equipment Return to Top Male mixed martial artists shall wear a groin protector of their own selection, of a type approved by the Commissioner. Female mixed martial artists are prohibited from wearing groin protectors. Female mixed martial artists shall wear a chest protector during competition. The chest protector shall be subject to approval of the Commissioner. 9. Gloves Return to Top All contestants shall wear glove which are at least 4 ounces and are approved by the Commission. Generally, gloves should not weigh more than 6 ounces without the approval of the Commission. Certain larger sized gloves, e.g. 2 XL - 4 XL, may be allowed even though they may slightly exceed 6 ounces. Gloves should be supplied by the promoter and approved by the Commission. No contestant shall supply their own gloves for participation. 10. Apparel Return to Top Each contestant shall wear mixed martial arts shorts (board shorts), biking shorts (vale tudo shorts), kick-boxing shorts or other shorts approved by the Commission. Gi's or shirts are prohibited during competition except that female contestant's musts wear shirts approved by the Commission. Shoes and any type of padding on the feet are prohibited during competition. 11. Appearance Return to Top Each unarmed combatant must be clean and present a tidy appearance. The excessive use of grease or any other foreign substance may not be used on the face or body of an unarmed combatant. The referees or the Commission shall cause any excessive grease or foreign substance to be removed. The Commission shall determine whether head or facial hair presents any hazard to the safety of the unarmed combatant or his opponent or will interfere with the supervision and conduct of the contest or exhibition. If the head or facial hair of an unarmed combatant presents such a hazard or will interfere with the supervision and conduct of the contest or exhibition, the unarmed combatant may not compete in the contest or exhibition unless the circumstances creating the hazard or potential interference are corrected to the satisfaction of the Commission. An unarmed combatant may not wear any jewelry or other piercing accessories while competing in the contest or exhibition. 12. Round Length Return to Top Each non-championship mixed martial arts contest is to be for 3 rounds, each round no more than 5 minutes duration, with a rest period of 1 minute between each round. Each championship mixed martial arts contest is to be for 5 rounds, each round no more than 5 minutes duration, with a rest period of 1 minute between each round. 13. Stopping Contest Return to Top The referee is the sole arbiter of a contest and is the only individual authorized to stop a contest. The referee may take advice from the ringside physician and/or the Commission with respect to the decision to stop a contest. The referee and the ringside physician are the only individuals authorized to enter the ring/fighting area at any time during competition other than the rest periods and subsequent to the contest ending. 14. Judging Return to Top All bouts will be evaluated and scored by 3 judges who shall evaluate the contest from different location around the ring/fighting area. The referee may not be one of the 3 judges. The 10-Point Must System will be the standard system of scoring a bout. Under the 10-Point Must Scoring System, 10 points must be awarded to the winner of the round and 9 points or less must be awarded to the loser, except for a rare even round, which is scored (10-10). Judges shall evaluate mixed martial arts techniques, such as effective striking, effective grappling, control of the ring/fighting area, effective aggressiveness and defense. Evaluations shall be made in the order in which the techniques appear in (c) above, giving the most weight in scoring to effective striking, effective grappling, control of the fighting area and effective aggressiveness and defense. Effective striking is judged by determining the total number of legal strikes landed by a contestant. Effective grappling is judged by considering the amount of successful executions of a legal takedown and reversals. Examples of factors to consider are take downs from standing position to mount position, passing the guard to mount position, and bottom position fighters using an active threatening guard. Fighting area control is judged by determining who is dictating the pace, location and position of the bout. Examples of factors to consider are countering a grappler's attempt at takedown by remaining standing and legally striking, taking down an opponent to force a ground fight, creating threatening submission attempts, passing the guard to achieve mount, and creating striking opportunities. Effective aggressiveness means moving forward and landing a legal strike. Effective defense means avoiding being struck, taken down or reversed while countering with offensive attacks. The following objective scoring criteria shall be utilized by the judges when scoring a round: a round is to be scored as a 10-10 round when both contestants appear to be fighting evenly and neither contestant shows clear dominance in a round; a round is to be scored as a 10-9 round when a contestant wins by a close margin, landing the greater number of effective legal strikes, grappling and other maneuvers; a round is to be scored as a 10-8 round when a contestant overwhelmingly dominates by striking or grappling in a round. a round is to be scored as a 10-7 round when a contestant totally dominates by striking or grappling in a round. Judges shall use a sliding scale and recognize the length of time the fighters are either standing or on the ground, as follows: if the mixed martial artists spent a majority of a round on the canvas, then: Effective grappling is weighed first; and Effective striking is then weighed If the mixed martial artists spent a majority of a round standing, then: Effective striking is weighed first; and Effective grappling is then weighed A round is to be scored as a 10-8 round when a contestant overwhelmingly dominates by striking or grappling in a round. If a round ends with a relatively even amount of standing and canvas fighting, striking and grappling are weighed equally. 15. Fouls Return to Top The following acts constitute fouls in a contest or exhibition of mixed martial arts and may result in penalties, at the discretion of thereferee, if committed: Butting with the head Eye gouging of any kind Biting Spitting at an opponent Hair pulling Fish hooking Groin attacks of any kind Putting a finger into any orifice or any cut or laceration of an opponent Small joint manipulation Striking downward using the point of the elbow Striking to the spine or the back of the head Kicking to the kidney with a heel Throat strikes of any kind, including, without limitation, grabbing the trachea

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TIL Thomas(ine) Hall was declared both a man and a woman in a Virginia court in 1629 and ordered to wear men's clothing with a woman's apron and bonnet. He/She would present as either gender carnally and when working as soldier, lacemaker, field laborer, or maid. Thomasine was physically intersex. TIL that the low cost wine brand "Two Buck Chuck" was created by Fred Franzia, who bought the Charles Shaw name from a bankrupt winery for $27k. Once when asked why his wine was cheaper than water, he replied "They're overcharging for the water. Don't you get it?" TIL that butterflies have 4 wings not 2 (found out on an episode of Benidorm during a pub quiz) TIL Don Quixote, considered one of the first modern novels, is also one of the first stories that uses meta-fiction, as the author plays pretend that his story comes from historical sources and had to search for lost documents and translations to complete it. TIL "Rudy", of Notre Dame football fame, was involved in a pump-and-dump scheme and had a settlement with the SEC for >$380,000. TIL Brazil found incarcerated populations read 9x as much as the general population. They made a new program for prisoners so each written book review took 4 days off a prison sentence. TIL most English speaking countries around the world pronounce “Z” as “zed” but the United States is the only one that does not. Unlike other English speak countries the US pronounces it “zee.” TIL Snoop Dogg was excommunicated by the Rastafari Council after his attempt to rebrand as Rastafarian "Snoop Lion" TIL Some of the reasons people drive aggressively include a sense of anonymity while driving, feeling more empowered driving than in the rest of their lives, and a feeling that other drivers have previously driven aggressively around them. TIL about Nasubi from Japan's (perhaps the entire world's) most controversial TV show ever recorded. Nasubi lived alone in a tiny room for 15 months completely naked and only able to survive based on items he won from sweepstakes. More info in comments. TIL by passing a law requiring pharmacies to be owned by a licensed pharmacist, North Dakota has essentially done away with corporate chain pharmacies. Corporations that own pharmacies must be majority owned by licensed pharmacists. TIL that the Fahrenheit scale was standardized 18 years before Celsius. The world switch due to the British Empire. The United States is actually using the earlier standard. TIL that the famous James Bond theme (first heard in 1962 in Dr. No) was source of a long running dispute between John Barry and Monty Norman. Norman had originally written a song for a musical adaptation of V. S. Naipaul's novel A House for Mr Biswas which was the inspiration. TIL that the parasite H. zschokkei is the only multicellular organism that does not rely on Oxygen for respiration. It relies on a currently undiscovered energy metabolism to sustain itself. TIL, cold or rainy weather cannot make you sick

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