Here's one day of data from the OCO-2 satellite showing the total amount of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere, based on the frequency of sunlight reflected off the Earth's surface: https://i.imgur.com/ZqFyrSs.png

OCO-2 repeats its path over the Earth every 16 days, so we take a 16-day window centred on the target date: https://i.imgur.com/mebif2M.jpg

(Data earlier than September 2014 was from the GOSAT satellite which repeats its orbit every 3 days, but we used a 16-day window for that too.)

Then we use the 'Fixed Rank Kriging' package in R to generate a new 'predicted' CO2 value for each 1x1 grid location based on existing points nearby in space and time: https://i.imgur.com/jpJsMzT.png

The 'standard error' map shows our prediction uncertainty: https://i.imgur.com/nwgz42O.png

Finally to see the 'anomaly' we took the daily average (ignoring standard error) and subtracted that from the map so that 'green' is average for that day, 'red' is areas with higher amounts of CO2 and 'blue' areas are lower than average: https://i.imgur.com/tzOPXU2.png

GOSAT data: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datacollection/ACOS_L2_Lite_FP_7.3.html

OCO-2 data: https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets/OCO2_L2_Lite_FP_9r/summary