Well, instead of reading a article, how about reading about Islam? There is a lot of knowledge to gain, and is a much better way to learn about something than depending on an article for information. To answer your questions to the best of my abilities:
Temporary Marriages: Called 'nikah mut'ah'. In Islam, there is no sex outside of marriage. The Shia sect of Islam (mainly, from what I have read) in history, used temporary marriages to enjoy sex with a woman when they were far from home traveling, or during war. In exchange, the woman received something of value, or money, or even protection. It basically made having sex religiously acceptable. My current understanding is, currently, this practice it utilized in the same way, but to date (because there is no dating if you are Muslim). It is frowned upon.
One sided polygamy: Muslims (men that follow Islam) are permitted up to 4 wives, but there are rules that come with this. Every wife has to be treated exactly the same. Each get a house, each get money, each get the same amount of time with you, if one gets a new dress, so do the others. Historically, this practice was utilized a lot after war. The man to woman ratio is not that great: lots of dead men, lots of available women and widows. A man could have a young wife, but also take a older woman as wife to care for her as well. A man could end up with a wife that could produce no children, so a second wife would be nice to have children with. Adoption is a option in Islam, but it also has rules. Currently, I can only speak from a western standpoint, but the multiple wives does not occur frequently, and when it does, it is normally when a couple is in their latter years. Also, wife #1 can have it written into her marriage contract that the man will take no other wives, or can only do so with her permission. This practice is frowned upon, because it is written that a man can have up to 4 wives. Islam does focus very much on how important it is to have a happy and satisfied wife. Also, women keep all their wealth in marriage, and if the woman works, all her earnings are hers. If a couple divorces, the women keeps the original money the man gave to marry her.
Clothes: Dress modestly and cover you hair and bosom. This is a order by God, and women cover to please God and no one else. Men also have orders to follow: a beard is hijab, lower the gaze, must be covered from navel to knees, clothes must be modest and loose fitting as to not show shape. If you give the Bible a good read (1 Corinthians 11:6), it also says that women should cover their heads.
Special Punishments: The Quran says a husband can flick a woman, not beat her senseless. You ever tap/flick a friends shoulder for saying something stupid? Well, if you wife is being a jerk, slap her shoulder, don't share a bed with her. Outside the house, to accuse a woman of adultery, you need 4 witnesses. I have no idea if these practices are used in the western world or not, but look at non-muslim marriages: Someone will sleep on the couch when they are mad.
I don't feel women are subjugated in Islam; I feel women are subjugated by cultures.