Your parents are enabling his shitty behavior. You deserve the new laptop more than him, and your parents should make him bring your laptop home so you can transfer all your stuff to a google drive.

If he’s lost or sold your laptop there’s nothing you can do about your files, and it would be silly to take this anger out on your parents. Obviously accept a new laptop from them if they offer, but it’s not their fault you lent it out not is it their fault your brother lost it. But you can encourage them to get their money back from him in some way, perhaps by taking away an Xbox or whatever from him at college. Whatever else he owns is probably next up for being sold so your parents might as well recoup their money from him first.