Handgun and shotgun rounds penetrate more drywall than the .223. The reason being both are heavy and slow whereas the .223 is super light and fast, it separates from core and fragments when hitting drywall, this is why most modern police in all western countries use this round. It has a low chance of killing your neighbor when use where as handgun rounds and shotgun rounds do kill neighbors and can travel hundreds of yards when they exit a house.

Also, handguns are incredibly hard to shoot accurately, past 15 yards only those who are train and train a lot can hit center mass reliably. There is also recoil to deal with where a follow up shot is even harder.

Shotguns have a ton of recoil, even low recoil buckshot rounds will bruise your shoulder without a recoil dampening shoulder pad. Follow up shots are imposible even with skilled persons. Also, shotgun spread is nothing like the movies, even with birdshot and no choke, the widest spreading there is, at 15 yards it is around a 4-7 inch spread, so it is very easy to miss with a shotgun, especially if you use a self-defense load like 9 pellets of 00 buck or a slug.

So if someone breaks into your home and you have a shotgun or handgun and you miss, you will likely be shot if the intruder is also armed with a firearm.

If he has a knife, there is 0 chance you will be able to hit him at 10 feet if they act first, this falls under the 21 foot rule all police worldwide follow, unless you are 21 feet away you have no chance to fire if your firearm is on safe or holstered.

A lot of police agencies in the US encourage use of AR-15's for self-defense for these reasons. And said reasons are also why Western nation police use these firearms.

Now you may be from a nation where armed break-ins even with knifes are rare, but for someone from a state where 2 cities in the state are ranked in the worlds top 100 most dangerous places, I wish I could own a AR-15, however I have ADHD and take medicine so I can't own a firearm in my township, and AR-15s are banned in my state, you can own state legal versions, however since I have diagnosed ADHD, I can't even own a bb gun, state I am talking about is New Jersey.